What must happen before a non-peace officer can use force during an arrest?

To understand why it is necessary for a non-peace officer to manifest their purpose to arrest before using force, it's important to recognize the legal and ethical standards surrounding the use of force. When an arrest is being made, particularly by someone who is not a peace officer (like a security officer), it is imperative that the individual communicates their intent clearly. This manifestation of purpose serves as a notification to the subject that they are being arrested, which helps to establish the legitimacy of the action being taken.

This communication is essential for several reasons. First, it respects the rights of the individual being arrested by ensuring they understand the situation they are facing. It also provides an opportunity for peaceful compliance, which can de-escalate potential confrontations. If force is used without clearly stating the intent to arrest, it may lead to confusion and potential legal repercussions for the officer, as the individual might not understand why they are being restrained.

In contrast, simply being present, identifying as law enforcement, or possessing a warrant alone does not fulfill the necessary requirement for an arrest to be justified. The articulation of the arrest purpose is critical to maintaining order and legality in the process.